Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Method for Effective Improvement of Cyclodextrin Yield and Product Specificity

Cyclodextrins(CDs) are widely used in food,phamiaceuticals, drug delivery, and chemical industries and in agriculture and environmental engineering. To improve the yield and selectivity of CDs, this work presented a tacile, scalable and efficient enzymatic synthesis of β-CD from starch using β-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase, EC2.4.1.19) from Bacillus cereus. First, we found that the pretreatment of starch dramatically influenced CDs yield that was related to the structure and molecular weight of the substrate starch. Second, alcohol solvents influenced the yield and product selectivity of CDs;tertiary alcohols enhanced CDs yield(from 54.95% to 68.21%) and secondary alcohols increased the product selectivity(β-CD/γ-CD changed from 6.25 to 8.05). Fluorescence quenching analysis showed that the binding constants and entropy of the solvents influenced the yield and product selectivity, respectively. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that this study provides a promising method for the industrial production of β-CD.     

贵金属离子非酶法生物还原机理初探

在微生物湿法冶金回收贵金属的研究工作中,掌握金属非酶法生物还原的作用过程及本质是优化浸出工艺条件,设计高效,经济的生物加收技术的关键,因此有关细菌固定金属的作用机制的研究一直为人们所关注,冻干的海藻（Chlorella vulgaris)和四氯金（Ⅲ）酸盐[AuCl4]-相互作用,Au3＋快速被还原为Au ,继而缓慢地被还原成Au[1],厌氧的脱硫弧菌属（Desulfovibrio desulfuricans)的休止细胞能将溶液中的钯离子还原为金属钯,用丙酮酸钠,甲酸钠或氢气作为电子供体[2],我们试图从失活细菌与金属离子的界面出发,利用谱学技术,考察细菌与金属离子之间的相互作用本质,为开发利用生物体作为吸附剂进行废水处理,回收贵重或有害金属以及制备高分散度负载型金属催化剂[3]提供理论依据。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SW5菌株与外源蛋白酶协同发酵对鳀鱼鱼露品质的影响

为进一步研究接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) SW5菌株对发酵鳀鱼鱼露品质的影响,以低值鳀鱼为原料,通过接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SW5菌株,并添加多种蛋白酶协同发酵鳀鱼鱼露.测定氨基酸态氮(AA-N)质量浓度、pH值和总酸质量浓度的变化,采用电子舌和色差仪测定鱼露发酵完成后发酵液的鲜味成分含量和色泽,与商品鱼露和酶解液进行对比.结果表明在发酵过程中,采用贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SW5菌株与中性蛋白酶协同发酵,发酵第7天AA-N质量浓度达到最高,为13.93 g·L^-1,符合市售一级鱼露标准.3个处理组的色泽和鲜味成分含量与商品鱼露相近.综上所述,通过接种贝莱斯芽孢杆菌SW5菌株和蛋白酶对鳀鱼鱼露进行协同发酵可以缩短发酵周期,提高鱼露的产量以及AA-N和鲜味成分的含量.因此,该菌株可用作海洋蛋白源物质的发酵深加工.     

工程菌产黑色素的抗氧化作用研究

利用黑色素对苯甲酸羟基化产物荧光强度的猝灭作用，研究了重组的苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)pHTAM菌株产生的黑色素对羟自由基的清除作用，发现其具有与Sigma标准黑色素相当的清除羟基自由基的能力，且优于生物提取的国产商品黑色素；与硫脲等其它常见的抗氧化剂比较，该工程菌产黑色素清除羟自由基的效果明显，尤其是在低剂量时这种优势更为突出。通过动力学研究证实其对羟自由基的清除作用是基于氧化还原反应而非吸附作用。     

Bacillomycin D from the Marine Isolate of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> KMM 1922

Strain KMM 1922 of Bacillus subtilis, a producer of the antifungal iturin peptide antibiotic bacillomycin D, was isolated from a specimen of the Kuril sponge Stelletta validissima. The structure of the compound was proved using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, tandem electrospray mass spectrometry, and literature data. The peptide was shown to exhibit a pH-dependent cytotoxic activity. __________ Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 4, pp. 373–375, July–August, 2005.     

Improvement of microbiological safety of sous-vide meals by gamma radiation

Experimental batches of smoked-cured pork in stewed beans sauce were inoculated with spores of psychrotrophic Bacillus cereus, more heat and radiation resistant than spores of non-proteolytic C. botulinum. After vacuum packaging, the meals were treated with combinations of pasteurizing heat treatments and gamma irradiation of 5 kGy. Prior and after treatments, and periodically during storage at 10°C, total aerobic and total anerobic viable cell counts, and selectively, the viable cell counts of B. cereus and sulphite-reducing clostridia have been determined. The effects of the treatment order as well as addition of nisin to enhance the preservative efficiency of the physical treatments were also studied. Heat-sensitization of bacterial spores surviving irradiation occurred. The quality-friendly sous-vide cooking in combination with this medium dose gamma irradiation and/or nisin addition increased considerably the microbiological safety and the keeping quality of the meals studied. However, approx. 40% loss of thiamin content occurred as an effect of combination treatments, and adverse sensorial effects may also limit the feasible radiation doses or the usable concentrations of nisin.     

用氧电极结合枯草杆菌M45(Rec-)和H17(Rec+)快速鉴别金属离子的致癌性

Asimplified, efficient method has been constructed by combining O2 electrode andBacillus subtilis rec-assay strains to detect genetoxicity of various metal ions. The resultsshow that this method can be used to detect genotoxic metal compounds with a high sensitivity and fidelity, and the carcinogenicity of Cr6+, Co2+, Cd2+, Mn2+ ions are confirmed. Themanipulations are very simple, and reproducible responses was gained within half an hour.So this method can be applied to the screening of environmental metal compounds.     

Isolation, Purification, and Properties of α-Amylase from Bacillus subtilis-7A

Cultivation ofBacillus subtilis-7A on waste from alcohol production yielded an active extracellular enzyme -amylase with MW 75 kDa. The enzyme was isolated from the culture medium by 60% saturated ammonium sulfate and purified until homogeneous by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The optimum temperatures for the complex and purified enzyme are 30 and 50°C, respectively. The optimum activity for both preparations occurred at pH 6.5. The substrate specificity of the isolated preparations was studied.     

Structure investigation of Maltacine D1a, D1b and D1c-cyclic peptide lactones of the Maltacine complex from Bacillus subtilis

A new complex of cyclic peptide lactone antibiotics from Bacillus subtilis, which we named Maltacines has recently been described. The structure elucidation of three of them is reported in this paper. The amino acid sequences and structures of the peptides were found by MS(n) of the ring-opened linear peptides that gave uninterrupted sequences of Bn and Y'n ions. The identities of four unknown residues in the sequences were solved by a combination of derivatisation with phenylisothiocyanate (PITC), high-resolution mass spectrometry and H/D exchange. The nature and position of the cyclic structure was disclosed by a chemo-selective ring opening with Na18OH and was found to be a lactone formed between a hydroxyl of residue number 4 and the C-terminal amino acid number 12. For verification of the structure of the B2 + ion, peptides with different combinations of P/Q and P/K at the N-terminus were synthesized. The structures of the four peptides is tentatively suggested to be: D1a: cyclo(4,12)-P-Q-Y-Adip-A-E-T-Y-Orn-HGly-Y-I-OH, D1b: cyclo(4,12)-P-Q-Y-Adip-A-E-T-Y-Orn-S-Y-I-OH and D1c: cyclo(4,12)-P-Q-Y-Adip-A-E-T-Y-K-S-Y-I-OH. Adip = aminodihydroxy pentanoic acid and HGly = hydroxyglycine.